By 1973, the army seemed to have
recognized that its efforts to
engineer some sort of national unity
had failed. The economy continued to
splutter into recession, guerrilla
violence was spreading and the
incidence of military repression and
torture was rising. Army leader,
General Lanusse, decided to risk
calling an election, and in an
attempt to heal the long-standing
national divide, permitted the
Peronist party - but not Perón
himself - to stand. Perón, then
living in Spain, nominated a proxy
candidate,
Héctor Cámpora ,
to stand in his place. Cámpora
emerged victorious, but resigned
almost immediately, which forced a
reluctant military to allow Perón
himself to return to stand in new
elections.
By this time, Perón had come to
represent all things to all men.
Radical left-wing Montoneros saw
themselves as true Peronists - the
natural upholders of the type of
Peronism that championed the rights
of the descamisados and
freedom from imperialist domination.
Likewise, conservative landed groups
saw him as a symbol of stability in
the face of anarchy. Any illusion
that Perón was going to be the
cure-all balm for the nation's ills
dissipated before touchdown at
Ezeiza international airport. Like a
group of unsuspecting wives
assembled to greet a secret
polygamist, his welcoming party
dissolved into a violent melee, with
rival groups in the crowd of 500,000
shooting at each other. No one is
sure just how many people were
killed in the melee, though the
total is thought to be in three
figures rather than the official
figure of 25.
As his running mate, Perón chose
a former actress from Venezuela -
his third wife, María Estela
Martínez de Perón, commonly known as
Isabelita .
He was now 78, and his health was
failing. Though he won the elections
with ease, his third term was to
last less than nine months, ending
with his death in July 1974. Power
devolved to Isabelita, who thus
became the world's first woman
premier. Isabel Perón managed to
make a bitterly divided nation agree
on at least one thing: that her
regime was a catastrophic failure.
Rudderless, out of her depth as
regards policy, and with no bedrock
of support, the unelected Isabelita
clung increasingly desperately to
the advice of José López Rega, a
shadowy figure who became compared
to Rasputin. Rega's prime notoriety
stems from having founded the feared
right-wing death squads (the
Triple "A", or Alianza Argentina
Anticomunista) that targeted
left-wing intellectuals and
guerrilla sympathizers. The only
boom industry, it seemed, was
corruption in government, and with
hyperinflation and spiralling
violence, the country was gripped by
paralysis.